He also saw action at the Battle of the Bulge, was captured, and managed to escape a massacre of American soldiers in Belgium. One of the most distinguished talents in movie history, British actor Laurence Olivier was known for dazzling theater audiences in several of Shakespeare's plays before earning a spot on Hollywood's A-List with big-screen roles in movies like "Wuthering Heights" and "Marathon Man.
He's also a war hero. In , Olivier worked as a British agent in America trying to drum up support from the then-neutral United States before returning to Britain to join the Fleet Air Arm.
Although he was best known as the crotchety father in "Everybody Loves Raymond," Peter Boyle amassed nearly acting credits dating back to the mids. After abandoning life as a Christian Brothers monk, Boyle joined the Navy but was discharged after a nervous breakdown.
Brooklyn-born William Daniels enjoyed a career that spanned Broadway, the big screen and television, earning two Emmys along the way for his role in "St. He was a disc jockey for an Army radio station. You may also like: best John Wayne movies. When World War II broke out, he became among the only British actors in Hollywood to return home and join the fight when he re-enlisted in the British Army. Sid Caesar was a pioneering comedian and actor who is best known for his role in the "Grease" film musicals and as the creator of the Emmy Award-winning variety show "Your Show of Shows.
Robert Mitchum was one of the 20th century's most renowned on-screen tough guys, although he fit the bill in real life, as well.
As a young man, the future A-Lister was a laborer, vagrant, and professional boxer. He was drafted during World War II and served for about six months. Cuban-America Cesar Romero—a. When World War II broke out, his career was interrupted when he enlisted in the Coast Guard, where he served for three years.
You may also like: Best Meryl Streep movies. Clark Gable of "Gone With the Wind" fame was arguably the most celebrated leading man to dominate the screen during Hollywood's golden age. After his wife died in a plane crash in , Academy Award winner promptly abandoned his career and enlisted in the Army Air Force at the age of Not only did he make propaganda films for the Army, but he saw action as a tail gunner during five missions over Germany.
Emmy nominee Moses Gunn has more than 70 credits to his name, including classics like "Shaft" and "Firestarter. Louis native served three years in the Army starting in Although he died in , Oscar nominee Robert Loggia earned acting credits dating from —, including memorable roles in big-screen blockbusters like "Big" and "Scarface," as well as in acclaimed TV series like "The Sopranos.
As an actor, Savalas played several different sinister villains before landing the part that made him famous: no-nonsense New York City detective "Kojak. Talk show host Jack Paar once called the portly and groundbreaking comedian Jonathan Winters "pound for pound, the funniest man alive.
Murphy joined the Army a few days after his 18th birthday and would emerge from World War II three years later as the most decorated soldier of the entire conflict.
Murphy was injured three times, killed German soldiers, and was eventually awarded 33 awards and medals, including three Purple Hearts, the Distinguished Service Cross, and the Medal of Honor.
Ed Asner got his big break on "The Mary Tyler Moore Show" and he became such an industry mainstay that he served as president of the Screen Actors Guild from to Asner served in the Army Signal Corps in the early s. Known for roles in "On the Waterfront," "Dr.
Zhivago," and "In the Heat of the Night," Rod Steiger amassed nearly credits between and At the age of 16, the future Academy Award winner dropped out of school to join the Navy. Robert Montgomery's resume includes 64 acting credits, but he also directed six movies and produced three others.
He paused his career to join the Navy and saw action in the European and Pacific theaters. Known for his roles in "Dr. Before he was an actor, Hayden was a sea voyager and captain , sailing around the world as a teenager and earning his first command at the age of You may also like: Movie trivia for the top films of all time. Known for his roles in "Cocoon" and "First Blood," Brian Dennehy continues to rack up credits more than 40 years after his debut in an episode of "Kojak" in After graduating from Yale, Dennehy joined the Marines, the organization which he credits for much of his future success.
Neville Brand earned credits over more than 35 years between and , including "Stalag 17" and "Tora! After joining the Army in , however, Brand caught the acting bug while making training films for the government. Two-time Oscar nominee Jack Warden began his show business career in He joined the Navy in , serving for three years on the Yangtze River Patrol before joining the Merchant Marine in Two-time Emmy nominee Bob Crane is best known for his role as Col.
Hogan on "Hogan's Heroes," although he continued working right up to his death in He served in the Connecticut National Guard starting in and was discharged in You may also like: best films of the 21st century, according to critics.
He spent most of the war in Virginia, and went on to star in some of history's most treasured classics, including "Inherit the Wind," Guess Who's Coming to Dinner," and "Judgment at Nuremberg. Harry Dean Stanton's death in concluded one of the most prolific careers in Hollywood history.
In , Hudson joined the Navy and served in the Philippines. Emmy nominee John Amos has played some of the most iconic characters ever to appear on both the big and small screens, including Kunta Kinte in "Roots," James Evans Sr. Coast Guard. You may also like: Exploring minority representation in the biggest box office winners ever. Oscar nominee Burt Young has earned more than acting credits, including 10 projects currently in the works or slated for release.
He's best known for his role as cantankerous brother-in-law Paulie in the "Rocky" franchise. Young served in the Marines from to It may be surprising to learn that some actors are military veterans. Others, not so much. Gruff and authoritative, R. Lee Ermey is the human embodiment of Marine Corps machismo, which he put on full display as a hard-nosed drill instructor in "Full Metal Jacket.
George C. Scott had a year show business career, the pinnacle of which was his Oscar-winning portrayal of the namesake American general in the movie "Patton. He served for four years, often as a guard at Arlington National Cemetery. The "Ghostbusters" franchise made Ernie Hudson famous, but the Michigan native is by no means a one-trick pony. Hudson has accumulated an impressive acting credits since , including four projects currently in the works.
Although he joined the Marines after high school, he was medically discharged after just a few months due to asthma. From "Cocoon" and "The Natural" to "The Firm" and "Absence of Malice," Wilford Brimley's folksy but serious demeanor has earned him a resume filled with critical and commercial success—not to mention a recurring role as the instantly recognizable Quaker Oats man.
You may also like: Most famous musician born the same year as you. James Avery's acting career spanned nearly 40 years and includes nearly credits, but he was best known as stern-but-lovable patriarch Uncle Philip Banks on "The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air. Born in , James Whitmore had acting credits dating from the s to the late s. Among the most memorable was that of institutionalized inmate Brooks Hatlen in "The Shawshank Redemption.
Bill to attend the American Theatre Wing after he was honorably discharged. Although his career spanned from to , two-time Oscar winner Jason Robards is most famous for his role as a bold and integrity-driven newspaper publisher in "All the President's Men. In , history's most famous veteran joined the Army. Elvis Aaron Presley was offered the opportunity to fulfill his service by entertaining troops, playing concerts, and serving as a recruiting model, but the King actually a sergeant famously chose instead to serve as a common soldier.
His signature pompadour haircut was shaved, and he was placed into an armored division in at the very height of his career. You may also like: Most Emmy wins of all time.
Written by: Andrew Lisa. Republish this story. Clint Eastwood. Chuck Norris. Tom Selleck. Steve McQueen. Paul Newman. Bob Hope. Jack Palance. Charles Bronson. Kris Kristofferson. Robert Stack. Buster Keaton.
Morgan Freeman. Adam Driver. Harvey Keitel. Drew Carey. Pat Sajak. Richard Pryor. George Carlin. Wikimedia Commons. Humphrey Bogart. Dennis Franz. Gene Wilder.
He looked at how various parts of the system worked together to mitigate wider repercussions. After all, while we call it the global financial crisis, the world has really not changed much since then and you might argue it has been business as usual for the system.
Being aware of various possible perspectives helps us to develop an understanding of where we stand as analysts and observers. It also guides us through the process of investigation and analysis.
First of all, the particular perspective we assume determines the kind of information we would need to gather and look at in order to be able to answer our questions and draw meaningful conclusions. It would need to look at such things as the balance of power between states and how that determines what happens in global politics. This could include developments that are even outside the immediate control of any particular state or group of states, such as the global economy, transnational terrorism or the internet.
A state-level study would require careful consideration of what kinds of states we are looking at how they are ordered politically , their geographical position, their historical ties and experiences and their economic standing.
It would likely also look at the foreign policy of states, meaning their approach to and practice of interacting with other states. Key indicators of the foreign policy of states would be the policies proposed and decided by governments, statements of top-level politicians but also the role and behaviour of diplomats and their adjoining bureaucratic structures.
A group level analysis would again need to try and break the analysis down into certain kinds of groups, how they relate to the state level and where they position themselves with respect to the global dimension of the issues they are dealing with. An example of this can be seen in the work of Engelen et al. A group-level analysis focusing on foreign policy would look, for example, at the role of lobbying groups and the way they influence national decision-making on an issue.
If looking at the actions of individuals, we would likely also need to engage with the implications of human nature. Psychological factors do not only matter at the level of individual members of society or of a group.
They are also an important factor in the analysis of foreign policy, whenever particular mindsets and perceptions of political leaders and key actors might influence their decisions and behaviour.
Which one of these specific perspectives we choose would greatly influence our findings. In other words, the focus or level of analysis determines the outcome of our scholarly investigations.
Meanwhile, the real-life events we are analysing remain the same, of course. That is a particularly important consideration if we aim at developing generalised conclusions from our observations. Strictly speaking, our conclusions would only be valid within the scope of the level of analysis we chose to focus on.
Insights provided by other perspectives would remain outside the remit of our analysis. If we studied the global financial crisis from a system-level perspective, for instance, we would expect to gain an insight into the global dynamics that make up the international financial system. Focusing on the big picture would enable us to develop a comprehensive model of explanation that could potentially capture the states and national economies within that global system.
The explanations we derive from this systemic model, however, might exaggerate the system-level factors that have conditioned the global financial crisis. As a consequence, we might overlook a lot of psychological and sociological issues that would be the subject of a group-level or individual-level analysis. If we studied the same theme from a state perspective, we would develop a greater level of detail about specific circumstances in particular states as well as in their interaction with each other.
The distinction here, as will be discussed further below, is not quite this rigid in practice as the state level is rarely looked at in isolation but more in its wider systemic context.
If we studied the issue from a group-level perspective, we would yet again reach a different result in our findings. We would potentially emphasise aspects of the global financial crisis that would escape a more comprehensive global level analysis.
Finally, focusing on the individual level and, say, particular actions of specific personalities in the public realm — be they politicians, diplomats or bankers — would lead to us drawing different conclusions again about the causes and consequences of the financial crisis. In short, being aware and acknowledging the potential gaps in our observation — that is to say, all of what is not directly captured by our perspective or level of analysis — is important.
Applying rigour in our analysis is also important. These guidelines for scholarly investigation are applied in many academic disciplines, including the natural sciences. What German theoretical physicist Werner K.
So, as a reader, it is important to stay critical and to look closely and enquire whenever an argument presented to us appears to straddle potentially conflicting analytical lenses.
As you start to read deeper on particular IR issues, always remind yourself of the importance of analytical clarity. Do not hesitate to expect and demand it even from renowned authors and established publications outlets. A crucial area where the need to broaden our levels of analysis is particularly important is the analysis of the foreign policy of states. Hopefully, we can see this immediately due to the fact that any state activity that crosses their national borders, such as a foreign policy, will have implications for other states.
We can look at foreign policy at the state level by analysing government policies and diplomatic decisions in isolation. However, governments are also actors on the world stage and their foreign policies contribute to what we call international relations. As highlighted above, foreign policy can also be explained by looking at the individual level, for example, the psychological and political factors that guide leaders and their advisers in their foreign policy decisions.
Those decisions in turn then feed into national decisions that matter at the state level and in relation to other states. It can be helpful to think of foreign policy behaviour as something that is influenced by a range of factors.
Some of them can be found within a state, in its political traditions, its socio-economic profile, its political party system or in the minds of leading politicians. Others come from outside, from the global system that builds the context within which states operate. This does not mean that every meaningful discussion of foreign policy needs to look at all these aspects: investigations at one particular level should be used very carefully to draw conclusions about a different level.
Where the levels overlap, we need to be aware that each one will require us to look at different kinds of evidence. To help lock in the foreign policy example, we can draw on the case of British prime minister Tony Blair. Blair is often remembered for his decision to take the UK to war with Iraq in , in coalition with the United States. The Iraq war period was a contentious one in Europe, with many European nations rejecting American plans for war.
If Blair had followed some of his European colleagues and not supported the war, then he may have put a vital bilateral relationship in danger. Finally, we move to the international, or systemic, level. Here, we are not so much focused on Blair himself since the systemic level often supposes that it is forces operating at the international level that shape behaviour.
By this reading, Blair may have felt compelled to participate in what he saw as a shift in world order that was defined by the existence of dangerous transnational terrorism on one hand, and a coalition led by the United States on the other hand who were waging a war on terrorism. Apart from making us more critical and discerning readers, being aware of the issue of different levels of analysis can also help us understand the way in which the academic discipline of IR has developed over time.
To begin with, in the early days of IR — say, from until the after the Second World War — a lot of what could be called traditional or conventional IR was not concerned with any potential distinctions between different levels of analysis or theoretical perspectives. David Singer , 78 lamented that scholars would simply.
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The number of people employed as Actors has been growing at a rate of This graphic shows the share of Actors employed by various industries. Independent artists, writers, and performers employs the largest share of Actors at Demographic information on Actors in the US. The average age of male Actors in the workforce is This chart shows the gender breakdown of Actors. Representing This chart shows the racial and ethnic breakdown of Actors.
The median age of Actors is Data on the critical and distinctive skills necessary for Actors from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
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