In the federal government, prompted by widespread listener dissatisfaction with the variety and quality of broadcast content held a royal commission into wireless broadcasting. The commission recommended a full nationalisation of the listener fee financed stations and that licence fees be pooled along the lines of the recent reorganisation of the BBC in Great Britain. However, the conservative government of the time ignored the recommendations and chose an out-sourced approach.
The National Broadcasting Service NBS was created to maintain the studios and transmitters while the newly created Australian Broadcasting Company, a syndicate of entertainment interests, would provide the content. However, the Scullin Labor government, which was elected in , believed in a fully nationalised broadcaster and passed the Australian Broadcasting Commission Act The ABC made its first transmission on 1 July For Australian listeners, hearing their leaders potentially thousands of kilometres away was a remarkable event made more so by the fact that the men were each in different cities — Prime Minister Joseph Lyons in Canberra, Leader of the Opposition James Scullin in Melbourne and Dr Earle Page of the Country Party in Sydney.
The ABC took its charter of providing radio services for all Australians very seriously. In each state capital it provided two radio services: one for popular programming, consisting of drama, quizzes, sport, variety and music; and another featuring classical music and drama, speeches, debate, and federal parliamentary broadcasts.
The ABC is today renowned for its innovative programming but in the s it had a more proscriptive approach to broadcasting. Initially, the ABC was self-supporting, with its revenue derived from radio licence fees, but this eventually proved to be insufficient and in , the Chifley government established a system whereby the ABC was funded from consolidated revenue. Home Economics. The Conners. The Goldbergs.
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The ABC was based on the BBC model and was originally funded by a combination of licence fees and some government funding. It was quickly embraced by Australian households and became a fixture of daily life for many. In establishing the ABC, the government appointed a board of directors with five commissioners, including a chairman and vice-chairman.
Walter Tasman Conder. In its early years, the ABC worked within the constraints of technological barriers for the times. For example, until a cable upgrade in , the landline between Sydney and Perth could only carry speech and not music. Additionally, Tasmania was not connected to the mainland for broadcast services until a phone line was constructed across the Bass Strait in Murphy, was appointed in Consistent with the times, news reports often lifted from newspapers.
Frank Dixon. In , music broadcasts became a mainstay following the appointment of Sir Bernard Heinze as conductor and musical adviser. By the end of the decade the ABC suite of stations had grown to 26, broadcasting over 16 hours a day and producing more than , hours of content a year.
Its central position in Australian life was evident in the closing year of the decade where people gathered around the wireless learned of both the death of Prime Minister John Joseph Lyons and the declaration of war by Robert Menzies in During the Second World War, as Australian forces joined the Allied effort on multiple battlefronts around the world, Australians turned to the ABC for regular updates.
The ABC sought to continue to provide an independent news service, however, it encountered some government interference and censorship by way of the newly formed Department of Information, run in by newspaper proprietor Sir Keith Murdoch. However, after six months, media outlets demanded an end to the curtailment of the freedom of the press.
Editorial control was returned to the ABC by September Their work established a high standard for ABC News and its journalists that continues to this day. The Act provided for the ABC to be fully editorially independent, including it its broadcast of political speech. As a result, any communications from government ministers concerning broadcasts and content had to be made in writing and recorded in the annual report.
In , the Act was amended to include a requirement for the live broadcast of select parliamentary sessions. By the close of the decade, and as the nation entered a great period of economic growth, the ABC made plans for its future including the launch of the then new medium that would redefine media — television. The Commonwealth passed the Television Act in opening the way to a new era of broadcast communications. Opening night, ABN 2, Sydney. Presenter Michael Charlton stands at the right.
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